As we are close to second anniversary of COVID-19 pandemic around the world, the virus has killed about 5.5 million people worldwide, and resulted an economic loss of about 4 trillion USD to date, making it the most noticeable global disruptor since the World War II. A return to the normalcy of pre-pandemic life is far from over. However, the unprecedented advancement of science, technology, and innovation (STI), during the ongoing pandemic has prepared well the global society, to respond effectively to the pandemic. Thus, the book captures the worldwide COVID-19-related STI development and its implementation in the society. Importantly, journey from vaccine development to mass vaccination, using currently available COVID-19 vaccines is extensively discussed in the book. Also, the fundamental underlying mechanism(s) by which vaccines work and the real-world effectiveness of the newly developed COVID-19 vaccines, the temporal emergence of COVID-19 variants, and their immune escape mechanisms, and the social, and economic benefits of vaccinations are discussed in the book. Thus, this book will help general readers to develop a scientific mindset in embracing the benefits of STI. Also, the book may help policy leaders to make informed decisions about pandemic preparedness, and its effective interventions.